Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)

Example: If you have felt cheerful and in good spirits more than half of the time during the last two weeks, put a tick in the circle which says more than half the time.

No depression

Mild depression

Moderate depression

Moderately severe

depression

Severe depression

Reference:

Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB; The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep 16(9):606-13.

Cameron IM, Crawford JR, Lawton K, et al; Psychometric comparison of PHQ-9 and HADS for measuring depression severity in primary care. Br J Gen Pract. 2008 Jan 58(546):32-6. doi: 10.3399/bjgp08X263794.

Haddad M, Walters P, Phillips R, et al; Detecting depression in patients with coronary heart disease: a diagnostic evaluation of the PHQ-9 and HADS-D in primary care, findings from the UPBEAT-UK study. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 10 8(10):e78493. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078493.

de Man-van Ginkel JM, Gooskens F, Schepers VP, et al; Screening for poststroke depression using the patient health questionnaire. Nurs Res. 2012 Sep-Oct 61(5):333-41.Maurer DM; Screening for depression. Am Fam Physician. 2012 Jan 15 85(2):139-44.

Pinto-Meza A, Serrano-Blanco A, Penarrubia MT, et al; Assessing depression in primary care with the PHQ-9: can it be carried out over the telephone? J Gen Intern Med. 2005 Aug 20(8):738-42.